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| guiascouts.com | Girl Scouts of the USA | History | Scouts groups | National organization | Girl Scout Promise | Special programs | Awards and badges |
History of The Girl Scouts of the USA
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Girl Scouting in the United States of America began on March 12,
1912 when Juliette "Daisy" Gordon Low organized the first Girl Scout
troop meeting of 18 girls in Savannah, Georgia. Low, who had met
Baden-Powell in London while she was living in the United Kingdom,
dreamed of giving the United States "something for all the girls."
She envisioned an organization that would bring girls out of their
cloistered home environments to serve in their communities and
experience the open air. From its inception, the organization has
been controlled by women, unlike the Young Women's Christian
Association (YWCA) or the Camp Fire Girls. The Juliette Low Birthplace — located in Savannah, Georgia in the former Gordon family home — became a national Girl Scout program center in 1956. It provides tours to thousands of Scouts yearly. Upon Low's death in 1927, she willed her carriage house, which would eventually become The Girl Scout First Headquarters, to the local Savannah Girl Scouts for continued use. The first National Headquarters was in Washington, DC but it was moved to New York City in the spring of 1916 and has remained there ever since. |
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During World War II, many young Japanese girls were confined in
internment camps with their families. Girl Scout troops were formed,
even in these camps. These girls participated in many activities,
including dramatic presentations, such as the one pictured at left,
which took place in the Crystal City Internment Camp, located in
Crystal City, Texas. The current Girl Scouts of the USA logo was created in 1978 by Saul Bass, a graphic designer known for his motion picture title sequences. The organization's original name was the Girl Guides of America, a name taken from the United Kingdom's Girl Guides program. In 1913, it was changed to the Girl Scouts of the United States and the organization was incorporated in 1915. It was again renamed to the Girl Scouts of the United States of America in 1947 and was given a congressional charter on March 16, 1950. The GSUSA started with 18 members — within months, members were hiking through the woods in their knee-length blue uniforms, playing basketball on a curtained-off court, and going on camping trips. By 1920, there were nearly 70,000 members, and by 1930 over 200,000. In 2005 there were over 3.7 million Girl Scouts — 2.8 million girl members and 954,000 adult members — in the United States. More than 50 million American women have participated in the Girl Scouts. Through its membership in the WAGGGS, GSUSA is part of a worldwide scouting family of over 10 million girls and adults in 144 countries. The names and ages of the levels — and the larger structure of the program — have evolved significantly. Troops were initially fairly independent before joining together into small councils, which have since merged into larger councils. SegregationMost Girl Scout units were originally segregated by race according to state and local laws and customs. The first troop for African American girls was founded in 1917; the first American Indian troop was formed in New York State in 1921; and the first troop for Mexican Americans was formed in Houston, Texas in 1922. In 1933, Josephine Groves Holloway founded unofficial African American troops in Tennessee. She also fully desegregated the Cumberland Valley council in 1962. The first official African American troop in the South was founded in 1932 in Richmond, Virginia by Lena B. Watson and led initially by Lavnia Banks, a teacher from Armstrong High School. It first met in Hartshorn Hall, Virginia Union University.By the 1950s, the GSUSA had begun significant national efforts to desegregate the camps and maintain racial balance. One of the first desegregations, accomplished by Murray Walls in 1956, was Camp Shantituck in Kentucky. Later the same year, Martin Luther King, Jr. described Girl Scouts as "a force for desegregation".[9] In 1969, a national Girl Scout initiative called Action 70 was created that aimed to eliminate prejudice. Gloria D. Scott, an African American, was elected National President of the Girl Scouts in 1975. |
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| guiascouts.com | Girl Scouts of the USA | History | Scouts groups | National organization | Girl Scout Promise | Special programs | Awards and badges |