Types of value
There are several types and definitions of value sought by a real estate appraisal. Some of the most common are listed:

Market Value – The price at which an asset would trade in a competitive Walrasian auction setting. Market value is usually interchangeable with fair market value or fair value. The legal definition of market value is usually given by some variant of the following: "The most probable price at which a property would trade in an arms-length transaction in a competitive and open market, in which the buyer and seller each act prudently and knowledgeably and in which the price is not affected by any special relationship between them".
Value-in-use – The net present value (NPV) of a cash flow that an asset generates for a specific owner under a specific use. Value-in-use is the value to one particular user, which may be above or below the fair market value of a property.
Investment value - is the value to one particular investor, which may be above or below the fair market value of a property.
Insurable value - is the value of real property covered by an insurance policy. Generally it does not include the site value.
It is important to distinguish between market value and price. A price obtained for a specific property under a specific transaction may or may not represent that property's market value: special considerations may have been present, such as a family relationship between the buyer and seller, or else the transaction may have been part of a larger set of transactions in which the parties had engaged. Another possibility is that a specific buyer would be willing to pay a price higher than the market value. Such situations often arise in corporate finance, as per example when a merger or acquisition is concluded at a price which is higher than the value represented by the price of the underlying stock. The usual rationale for these valuations is that the 'sum is greater than its parts', since full ownership of a company entails special privileges for the buyer for which he is willing to pay. Such situations arise in real estate/property markets as well (see value-in-use). It is the task of the real estate appraiser/property valuer to judge whether a certain price obtained under a certain transaction is indicative of market value.

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